IGCSE Biology glossary
Vaccination
Biology editorial review is supported by the named review panel. Reviewer participation may vary by guide. Checked against Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 (2026–2028); last reviewed August 2026.
Definition
Giving a weakened or dead pathogen (or its antigens) to stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies and memory cells, so a later infection by the real pathogen triggers a faster, stronger immune response.
What to include in an exam answer
The mark schemes want 'memory cells' explicitly. That is the word that explains long-term immunity. Six-mark vaccination questions follow the chain: antigen → lymphocyte → antibodies → memory cells → faster secondary response.
Example in context
Explaining long-term protection: 'The vaccine triggers antibody production and memory cells, so on a second infection the antibodies are made faster and the pathogen is destroyed before symptoms appear.'
Related syllabus topic
Diseases & immunity