How to Answer "Describe" Questions in IGCSE Biology
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Reviewer participation may vary by guide. Checked against Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 (2026–2028); last reviewed August 2026.
Key point
Describe means state what happens in detail without explaining why. For processes, give each step in order with correct terminology. For data, state the trend and quote specific figures.
"Describe" means give a detailed account of what happens, step by step, without needing to explain why. Many students lose marks by either explaining (giving reasons) when not asked, or by being too vague. Here is how to handle describe questions precisely.
What "describe" actually requires
When an exam question says describe, the examiner wants you to state what happens in detail, in a logical order. You do not need to explain why it happens: that would be an "explain" question.
For example: "Describe the path of blood through the heart" requires naming the chambers, valves, and vessels in order. It does not require explaining why blood flows in that direction.
The step-by-step pattern
For process-based describe questions:
Identify the starting point (e.g. Blood enters the right atrium)
State each step in sequence, naming structures accurately
End at the logical finishing point (e.g. Blood leaves through the aorta)
For data-based describe questions: state the trend (overall pattern) and quote specific figures from the data. "The rate increased from 12 at 20°C to 38 at 35°C, then decreased to 8 at 50°C."
Common mistakes
1. Explaining instead of describing: writing "because enzymes denature" when asked to describe the trend. Save explanations for explain questions.
2. Being too vague: "the rate went up" loses marks. Always include numbers from the data or names of structures.
3. Forgetting the endpoint: stopping mid-process. If asked to describe the path of air to the alveoli, go all the way to the alveoli.
Frequently asked questions
Can I explain as well as describe?
Only if the question also says "explain". If it just says describe, stick to what happens without reasons. Adding unnecessary explanation wastes time and can confuse your answer.
How many marks should I aim for per step?
Roughly one mark per distinct point. A 4-mark describe question needs four separate, relevant statements.