How to Answer "Discuss" Questions in IGCSE Biology
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Reviewer participation may vary by guide. Checked against Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 (2026–2028); last reviewed August 2026.
Key point
Discuss means present arguments for and against, then reach a balanced conclusion. Cover both sides using scientific evidence, then state which is stronger and why.
"Discuss" means consider different sides of an issue, present arguments for and against, and ideally reach a conclusion. These are typically higher-mark questions (4–6 marks) that test your ability to evaluate, not just recall.
The discuss structure
A strong discuss answer has three parts:
Arguments for: state the advantages or supporting evidence
Arguments against: state the disadvantages, risks, or counter-evidence
Conclusion: weigh the evidence and state your overall assessment
Example topics that use "discuss": advantages and disadvantages of GM crops, impact of deforestation, use of pesticides, vaccination programmes.
Balance is essential
Do not write only one side. Even if you have a strong personal opinion, the marks require you to present both perspectives. A one-sided answer typically earns only half the available marks.
Reaching a conclusion
The conclusion should not sit on the fence. After presenting both sides, state which you consider stronger and why. "Overall, the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks because herd immunity protects the most vulnerable members of the population."
Frequently asked questions
Do I need to give my personal opinion?
You can, but frame it as a scientific judgement based on the evidence presented, not a personal preference. "Based on the evidence, the benefits outweigh the risks" is stronger than "I think it is good."
Put the guide into practice
Questions and practical resources
Use a fresh question to check whether the idea can be applied without prompts.