IGCSE Biology glossary
Deforestation
Biology editorial review is supported by the named review panel. Reviewer participation may vary by guide. Checked against Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 (2026–2028); last reviewed August 2026.
Definition
The large-scale removal of forests by cutting down or burning trees, often to clear land for agriculture, cattle ranching or urban development. Deforestation leads to habitat loss, reduced biodiversity, soil erosion, flooding and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide.
What to include in an exam answer
Link deforestation to multiple effects: loss of habitat (biodiversity decreases), soil erosion (tree roots no longer hold soil), flooding (less interception of rainfall), and increased CO2 (less photosynthesis, and burning releases CO2).
Example in context
Explain two effects of deforestation on the environment (4 marks): Habitat destruction reduces biodiversity as organisms lose their homes and food sources. Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere increase because fewer trees are carrying out photosynthesis to absorb CO2, and burning trees releases stored carbon.
Related syllabus topic
Human influences on ecosystems