IGCSE Biology glossary
Nephron
Biology editorial review is supported by the named review panel. Reviewer participation may vary by guide. Checked against Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 (2026–2028); last reviewed August 2026.
Definition
The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine. Each nephron consists of a Bowman's capsule containing a glomerulus, followed by the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
What to include in an exam answer
Know the three processes in the nephron: ultrafiltration (in the glomerulus/Bowman's capsule), selective reabsorption (in the tubules) and secretion of excess ions. Be able to label a nephron diagram.
Example in context
Describe the role of the nephron in urine formation (3 marks): Blood is filtered by ultrafiltration at the glomerulus. Useful substances (glucose, amino acids, water) are reabsorbed in the tubules. The remaining liquid containing urea, excess water and ions passes to the collecting duct as urine.
Related syllabus topic
Excretion in humans