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IGCSEBiology
Trial Class

Original practice · 5 questions · 15 marks · about 17 minutes

Selective Breeding vs Genetic Modification Practice Questions

Biology editorial review is supported by the named review panel. Reviewer participation may vary by guide. Checked against Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 (2026–2028); last reviewed August 2026.

These questions compare traditional breeding methods with modern genetic engineering techniques.

Before you open the answers

  • Attempt every question without notes.
  • Show working for calculations and write complete biological statements.
  • Use the suggested time as a guide, not a strict limit on the first attempt.

These are original practice questions. They do not reproduce an official Cambridge paper or official mark scheme.

  1. Question 1

    Paper 4 Extended 4 marks Difficulty 3/5

    Compare selective breeding and genetic modification by stating two differences.

    Show model answer and marking guidance
    1. Selective breeding uses natural reproduction: crossing organisms with desired traits over many generations.
    2. Genetic modification directly inserts a specific gene: can be done in one generation.
    3. Selective breeding can only use genes from the same or closely related species; GM can use genes from any species.
    4. Selective breeding is slower but does not require advanced technology; GM is faster but requires specialised equipment.

  2. Question 2

    Paper 4 Extended 3 marks Difficulty 4/5

    Discuss two ethical concerns about genetically modified (GM) crops.

    Show model answer and marking guidance
    1. GM genes could spread to wild plants through cross-pollination: creating "superweeds".
    2. Effects on ecosystems / biodiversity are not fully understood: could harm non-target organisms.
    3. Concerns about long-term health effects of eating GM food (though current evidence shows no harm).

  3. Question 3

    Paper 4 Both 3 marks Difficulty 3/5

    Give two examples of genetically modified organisms and state the benefit of each.

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    1. GM bacteria producing human insulin: provides pure insulin for diabetics without animal sources.
    2. Bt corn (maize): contains a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis that makes it resistant to insect pests, reducing pesticide use.
    3. Golden rice: contains genes for beta-carotene production, helping prevent vitamin A deficiency.

  4. Question 4

    Paper 2 Core 2 marks Difficulty 2/5

    State one similarity between selective breeding and genetic modification.

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    1. Both aim to produce organisms with desired / useful characteristics.
    2. Both involve human intervention in changing the genetic makeup of organisms.

  5. Question 5

    Paper 4 Extended 3 marks Difficulty 4/5

    Explain why some people support GM crops for use in developing countries while others oppose them.

    Show model answer and marking guidance
    1. Support: GM crops can increase yield, resist drought/pests: helping feed growing populations.
    2. Support: Crops like golden rice address nutritional deficiencies.
    3. Opposition: farmers may become dependent on seed companies; potential environmental risks; some communities prefer traditional farming.

Mark the set consistently

Award a point only when the idea is clearly present in the written answer. Correct any missed point in a complete sentence, then test the same skill on a different question several days later.

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