IGCSE Biology glossary
Protein synthesis
Biology editorial review is supported by the named review panel. Reviewer participation may vary by guide. Checked against Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 (2026–2028); last reviewed August 2026.
Definition
The process by which the sequence of bases in DNA is used to determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein. DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus, and the mRNA moves to ribosomes in the cytoplasm where it is translated into a chain of amino acids.
What to include in an exam answer
At IGCSE, know that the base sequence on DNA determines the amino acid sequence. Each three bases (a triplet/codon) codes for one amino acid. Protein synthesis occurs at ribosomes.
Example in context
Explain how the sequence of bases in DNA determines the structure of a protein (2 marks): Each sequence of three bases (triplet) on the DNA codes for one specific amino acid. The order of the triplets determines the order in which amino acids are assembled at the ribosome, forming the protein.
Related syllabus topic
Inheritance