IGCSE Biology glossary
Ventilation
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Definition
The mechanical process of breathing that moves air in and out of the lungs. Inhalation draws fresh air (rich in oxygen) into the alveoli, and exhalation expels stale air (rich in carbon dioxide). Ventilation maintains concentration gradients for gas exchange.
What to include in an exam answer
Ventilation is breathing, which is not the same as respiration. Respiration is a chemical reaction in cells. Never say 'we breathe to respire' or confuse the two terms.
Example in context
Explain why ventilation is important for efficient gas exchange (2 marks): Ventilation brings in fresh air with a high concentration of oxygen and removes air with a high concentration of carbon dioxide. This maintains steep concentration gradients across the alveolar surface, so diffusion of gases remains rapid.
Related syllabus topic
Gas exchange in humans