IGCSE Biology glossary
Coronary artery
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Definition
A blood vessel that branches from the aorta and supplies the heart muscle with oxygenated blood and glucose for respiration. Blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot or fatty deposits (atherosclerosis) can lead to a heart attack.
What to include in an exam answer
Coronary heart disease is caused by fatty deposits narrowing the coronary arteries. A blood clot blocking the narrowed artery starves heart muscle of oxygen, causing a heart attack. Link to lifestyle factors: high-fat diet, smoking, lack of exercise.
Example in context
Explain how a blockage in a coronary artery causes a heart attack (3 marks): The coronary artery supplies the heart muscle with oxygen and glucose. If blocked, blood cannot reach part of the heart muscle. Without oxygen, aerobic respiration stops, the muscle cells die and the heart cannot pump effectively.
Related syllabus topic
Transport in animals