IGCSE Biology glossary
Chloroplast
Biology editorial review is supported by the named review panel. Reviewer participation may vary by guide. Checked against Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 (2026–2028); last reviewed August 2026.
Definition
An organelle found in plant cells and some protoctist cells that contains the green pigment chlorophyll. It is the site of photosynthesis, where light energy is absorbed and used to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
What to include in an exam answer
Chloroplasts are found in cells exposed to light (leaf mesophyll, guard cells) but NOT in root cells or all plant cells. Be precise about location in exam answers.
Example in context
Explain why root cells do not contain chloroplasts (2 marks): Root cells are underground and do not receive light, so they cannot carry out photosynthesis and do not need chloroplasts.
Related syllabus topic
Organisation of the organism