IGCSE Biology glossary
Vacuole
Biology editorial review is supported by the named review panel. Reviewer participation may vary by guide. Checked against Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 (2026–2028); last reviewed August 2026.
Definition
A fluid-filled space enclosed by a membrane called the tonoplast. In plant cells, a large permanent vacuole contains cell sap (a solution of sugars, salts and pigments) and helps maintain turgor pressure. Animal cells may have small temporary vacuoles.
What to include in an exam answer
In plant/animal cell comparison questions, describe it as a 'large permanent vacuole' in plant cells. Saying just 'vacuole' without distinguishing size and permanence can lose marks.
Example in context
State one structural difference between a typical plant cell and a typical animal cell relating to vacuoles (1 mark): Plant cells have a large permanent vacuole filled with cell sap; animal cells have small temporary vacuoles or none.
Related syllabus topic
Organisation of the organism