IGCSE Biology glossary
Pyramid of energy
Biology editorial review is supported by the named review panel. Reviewer participation may vary by guide. Checked against Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 (2026–2028); last reviewed August 2026.
Definition
A diagram showing the total amount of energy flowing through each trophic level in a food chain over a set period of time, measured in kilojoules per square metre per year. Pyramids of energy are always true pyramids because energy is always lost between trophic levels.
What to include in an exam answer
Pyramids of energy are ALWAYS true pyramid-shaped (never inverted). They are the most accurate representation of energy flow. State that energy is lost at each level through respiration, heat loss and in faeces/urine.
Example in context
Explain why energy decreases at each trophic level (3 marks): Not all organisms at one level are eaten. Energy is lost through respiration as heat at each level. Some energy is lost in faeces, urine and dead matter. Therefore less energy is available for the next trophic level.
Related syllabus topic
Organisms & their environment